Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Sodium butyrate-induced autophagy in colorectal cancer unveils the Ca²⁺/CaMKKβ signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target

Fig. 3

Inhibition of CaMKKβ activity attenuated NaB-induced autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. (A) Colorectal cancer cells were pretreated with STO-609 (5 µM) for 30 min, followed by exposure to 2 mM NaB for either 24 h–2 h. Protein lysates were then subjected to Western blotting and band intensities quantified by densitometry; the 24 h treatment group was used to assess LC3-II levels, whereas the 2 h treatment group was employed to examine the expression of AMPKα, ACC, p-CaMKKβ, p-AMPKα, and p-ACC. (B) LC3 mRNA levels in HT29 cells were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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