Table 4 Impact of key factors on message overhead for each scheme.

From: Hybrid approach for evaluating dynamic scheduling mechanisms in IoT cognitive sensors for enhanced network performance

Scheme

Sensing load

Redundant transmissions

Broadcast frequency

Control overhead

Queue congestion

Adaptive response

Energy control

Collision avoidance

CACS44

NPUSCH45

ICA-IoT46

APS-IoT47

PCDE49

ASUM50

DMRS48