Fig. 3

Chromosome-wide synteny analysis of representative strains. This visualization compares the complete chromosome sequences of three strains, represented by horizontal bars: B. subtilis var. natto BEST195 (Food_JPN_7, top bar), the bekang isolate (Food_IND_1, middle bar), and B. subtilis HRBS-10TDI13 (Food_KOR_9, bottom bar). The shaded regions connecting the genomes denote areas of nucleotide similarity identified by BLASTn, with the grayscale intensity corresponding to the percentage identity shown in the scale bar. The top panel shows the pairwise comparison between the natto strain (Food_JPN_7) and the bekang isolate (Food_IND_1). The bottom panel shows the pairwise comparison between the bekang isolate (Food_IND_1) and the "natto-related group" strain (Food_KOR_9).