Fig. 3
From: Innovative cryogenic cooling material using spin frustration from abundant elements

Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and cooling capacity of CFAO. Temperature dependence of (a) magnetic susceptibility and (b) specific heat of powdered CFAO with different x-compositions. (c) Photograph of a typical CFAO sample with particle size of 200–500 μm, and schematic of the examined samples (Pb, HoCu2, and CFAO). (d) Temperature dependence of cooling capacity of CFAO samples with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05. The inset shows a magnification below 10 K on a logarithmic scale. For x = 0.02, we plotted the data for an extra-annealed high-density (HD) sample (CuFe0.98Al0.02O2 HD).