Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric characteristics across clusters identified using the EPI (NutriNet-Santé study, N = 8,905, 2014) 1.
Total | Trajectory profile 1 (Decreasing EPI) | Trajectory profile 2 (Increasing EPI) | Trajectory profile 3 (Stable mean EPI) | Trajectory profile 4 (Stable low EPI) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 8905 | 151 (1.7) | 41 (0.5) | 8421 (94.6) | 292 (3.3) | ||
Age (y) | 56.2 (11.9) | 54.1 (11.9) | 54 (13.4) | 56.3 (11.8) | 54.7 (12.3) | < 0.01 | |
Sex, (%) | Men | 2663 (29.9) | 40 (26.5) | 12 (29.3) | 2525 (30.0) | 86 (29.5) | 0.82 |
Women | 6242 (70.1) | 111 (73.5) | 29 (70.7) | 5896 (70.0) | 206 (70.5) | ||
Energy Intake in 2014 (kcal/d) | 2004.2 (593.8) | 2103.4 (570.9) | 1985.4 (670.1) | 2003.9 (591.6) | 1963.1 (653.1) | 0.13 | |
Energy Intake in 2022 (kcal/d) | 2014.2 (606.7) | 2081.8 (757.3) | 2334.81 (582.0) | 2012.61 (601.6) | 1979.22 (657.7) | < 0.01 | |
% of organic food in the diet | 30 (27) | 30 (26) | 29 (32) | 28 (26) | 67 (28) | ||
Tobacco use, (%) | Never-smokers | 4377 (49.2) | 82 (54.3) | 20 (48.8) | 4114 (48.9) | 161 (55.1) | 0.1 |
Former smokers | 3739 (42.0) | 55 (36.4) | 16 (39.0) | 3551 (42.2) | 117 (40.1) | ||
Current smokers | 789 (8.9) | 14 (9.3) | 5 (12.2) | 756 (9.0) | 14 (4.8) | ||
Physical activity, (%) | High | 3117 (35.0) | 50 (33.1) | 14 (34.1) | 2951 (35.0) | 102 (34.9) | 0.98 |
Moderate | 3245 (36.4) | 57 (37.7) | 14 (34.1) | 3068 (36.4) | 106 (36.3) | ||
Low | 1661 (18.7) | 33 (21.9) | 8 (19.5) | 1567 (18.6) | 53 (18.2) | ||
Missing data | 882 (9.9) | 11 (7.3) | 5 (12.2) | 835 (9.9) | 31 (10.6) | ||
BMI in 2014 (kg/m2) | 24.2 (4.3) | 23.6 (4.1) | 27.7 (6.7) | 24.3 (4.3) | 21.9 (3.3) | < 0.01 | |
BMI in 2022 (kg/m2) | 24.3 (4.5) | 23.5 (4.1) | 26.9 (6.4) | 24.4 (4.5) | 21.9 (3.5) | < 0.01 | |
Education, (%) | < High school diploma | 1851 (20.8) | 30 (19.9) | 9 (22.0) | 1764 (20.9) | 48 (16.4) | 0.62 |
High school | 1289 (14.5) | 25 (16.6) | 6 (14.6) | 1217 (14.5) | 41 (14.0) | ||
Post-secondary graduate | 5765 (64.7) | 96 (63.6) | 26 (63.4) | 5440 (64.6) | 203 (69.5) | ||
Occupation, (%) | Retired | 3748 (42.1) | 45 (29.8) | 16 (39.0) | 3586 (42.6) | 101 (34.6) | < 0.01 |
Executive or higher intellectual profession | 1882 (21.1) | 40 (26.5) | 5 (12.2) | 1764 (20.9) | 73 (25.0) | ||
Craftsman, trader, business manager, farmer | 130 (1.5) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 121 (1.4) | 6 (2.1) | ||
Intermediate occupation | 1317 (14.8) | 22 (14.6) | 5 (12.2) | 1245 (14.8) | 45 (15.4) | ||
Employee | 1003 (11.3) | 26 (17.2) | 4 (9.8) | 940 (11.2) | 33 (11.3) | ||
Unemployed | 271 (3.0) | 5 (3.3) | 6 (14.6) | 245 (2.9) | 15 (5.1) | ||
Others without professional activity | 405 (4.5) | 6 (4.0) | 3 (7.3) | 385 (4.6) | 11 (3.8) | ||
Student | 73 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.4) | 66 (0.8) | 4 (1.4) | ||
Worker | 76 (0.9) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.4) | 69 (0.8) | 4 (1.4) | ||
Residential area, (%) | Rural area | 2024 (22.7) | 25 (16.6) | 10 (24.4) | 1923 (22.8) | 66 (22.6) | 0.36 |
Urban area < 20,000 | 1394 (15.7) | 19 (12.6) | 4 (9.8) | 1326 (15.7) | 45 (15.4) | ||
Urban area 20,000—200,000 | 1632 (18.3) | 32 (21.2) | 6 (14.6) | 1531 (18.2) | 63 (21.6) | ||
Urban area > 200,000 | 3855 (43.3) | 75 (49.7) | 21 (51.2) | 3641 (43.2) | 118 (40.4) | ||
Monthly income per household unit, (%) | < 1200€ | 790 (8.9) | 10 (6.6) | 6 (14.6) | 736 (8.7) | 38 (13.0) | 0.16 |
1200–1800€ | 1882 (21.1) | 36 (23.8) | 9 (22.0) | 1770 (21.0) | 67 (22.9) | ||
1800–2700€ | 2479 (27.8) | 44 (29.1) | 12 (29.3) | 2336 (27.7) | 87 (29.8) | ||
> 2700€ | 3303 (37.1) | 55 (36.4) | 11 (26.8) | 3147 (37.4) | 90 (30.8) | ||
Missing data | 451 (5.1) | 6 (4.0) | 3 (7.3) | 432 (5.1) | 10 (3.4) | ||
Marital status, (%) | Alone | 2168 (24.3) | 39 (25.8) | 13 (31.7) | 2016 (23.9) | 100 (34.2) | < 0.01 |
In a relationship/cohabiting | 6737 (75.7) | 112 (74.2) | 28 (68.3) | 6405 (76.1) | 192 (65.8) |
