Fig. 10
Ground motion simulation pipeline. (a) Ground motion simulation workflow: feature values are fed to the CVAE encoder to sample \(\textbf{u}\) via reparameterisation. The sampled \(\textbf{u}\) is then fed to the CVAE decoder to estimate \(\varvec{\mu }_\textbf{z}\), which is paired with the HVAE’s log variance \(\ln {\varvec{\sigma }_\textbf{z}^2}\) to sample \(\textbf{z}\). The sampled \(\textbf{z}\) is then fed to the HVAE decoder to generate a corresponding synthetic response spectrum \({\hat{S}}_a(T)\) which is then used as a target spectrum to synthesise ground motion time histories via algorithms like SpecTSim. (b) Three simulated ground motion time histories in the two orthogonal horizontal directions. (c)-top The target synthetic response spectrum used to simulate the ground motions in (b), overlayed by the spectra of the simulated ground motions. (c)-bottom The target synthetic response spectrum used to simulate the ground motions in (d), overlayed by the spectra of the simulated ground motions. (d) Three simulated ground motions split into orthogonal horizontal directions.
