Fig. 6
From: Multi-criteria decision analysis of gas enrichment risk and land degradation in goaf areas

Sensitivity analysis results showing the rankings of six goaf zones (G1–G6) under five weighting scenarios based on AHP-TOPSIS evaluation. The stability of extreme ranks (G5 as the lowest risk and G4 as the highest) demonstrates the model’s robustness, while moderate variations in mid-tier zones (e.g., G1, G2, G3, G6) highlight its sensitivity to changing criterion emphasis.