Table 1 Evolution on the application of the SSbD approach in the European projects on LIB cell production and machinery.
Starting year and SSbD criteria application level of the projects | Acronyms and reference | Main topic |
|---|---|---|
Projects started between 2012 and 2022 (prior to the EC recommendation), considering specific sustainability aspects of batteries | ELCAR17 | LCA guidelines for BEV |
STORY18 | LCA and (non-comprehensive) S-LCA of ESS | |
BAHLIT19 | Organic redox flow batteries | |
HELIOS20 | Performance, circularity and sustainability of urban mobility models based on BEV | |
BATWOMAN21 | Sustainable and cost-efficient solutions for LIB cell production | |
GIGAGREEN22 | Improving the environmental, economic and social performance of 3b generation Li-ion cells | |
GREENSPEED23 | Development of a new cell based on Ni-rich NMC with increased energy density | |
NOVOC24 | Cell-manufacturing technologies with reduced costs, avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents | |
BATRAW25 | Safer and more efficient battery recycling processes | |
Projects started between 2023 and 2024 (after the EC recommendation), considering the SSbD approach to a certain extent | RENOVATE26 | Closed-loop processes for recycling EoL batteries |
REUSE27 | Sustainable recycling processes for low-value LFP battery waste | |
REVITALISE28 | Low-cost and low environmental impact recycling of NMC, LFP and Na-Ion batteries | |
LI4LIFE29 | Boost the EU’s domestic lithium supply | |
SAFELOOP30 | Safety, sustainability, and performance of EU’s Gigafactory scale LIB cells | |
RECIRCULATE31 | Blockchain-based platform to improve the reuse and recycling of battery value chain | |
TRANSENSUS LCA32 | Harmonization of LCA, S-LCA and LCC approach for a zero-emission road transport system in Europe | |
Projects currently underway applying the SSbD approach | STREAMS33 | Technologies for sustainable production of precursors and active materials |
SUESS34 | Application of SSbD approach to selected ESS (flow batteries and LIB) | |
INERRANT35 | SSbD materials and processes for LIB in electromobility applications | |
SOLVE36 | SSbD prototypes for mass production of Solid-state batteries 4b generation | |
IRISS37 | SSbD roadmaps development for seven value chains in collaboration with industry, including batteries | |
BATMACHINE38 | Advanced battery cell manufacturing machinery for sustainable processes | |
GIGABAT39 | Sustainable 3b generation LIB and energy-efficient machinery for gigafactories | |
SIERRA40 | Safe, sustainable, lightweight and high-performance Ni-rich NMC battery pack |
