Table 9 Formulation of the main best practices guidelines recommended for battery cell manufacturing machinery.

From: Integration of safety and sustainability criteria into early design stages of battery cell manufacturing machinery

1. Increase the use of renewable and recycled materials, considering their future recyclability

2. Reduce the number of different material types to facilitate recycling and reuse

3. Minimize the use of hazardous and critical materials

4. Prioritize the use of local raw materials

5. Reduce the number of production processes and use renewable energy sources

6. Minimize waste generation and manage it properly during manufacturing

7. Implement easy assembly processes and automation to improve energy efficiency, minimize hazardous emissions, and reduce exposure to hazardous substances during the use of the machinery

8. Design machinery in a modular and easy disassembly way to facilitate maintenance, recycling at the end-of-life and adaptation to new user requirements. Reduce the number of tools required for disassembly and standardizing components to improve recyclability

9. Consider the traceability of the product during its use and the identification of its materials and components during disassembly. The future implementation of the DPP in prioritized product categories, such as steel or electronics, can serve as a good tool for addressing this aspect

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