Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Modeling unobserved heterogeneity in multistate event history data using frailty and weighted survival approaches

Fig. 5

Boxplot of bias in estimated coefficients for each covariate across transitions (\(\zeta _{12}\), \(\zeta _{13}\), \(\zeta _{23}\)), comparing weighted and unweighted simulation methods. Each box summarizes the distribution of bias values obtained over multiple simulation replicates, highlighting the performance differences between methods across covariates.

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