Table 5 Comparative Performance of FFO with Existing Metaheuristic Algorithms.

From: Sleep-wakeup based secure multipath routing in wsn using fennec fox optimized deep learning framework

Algorithm

Convergence Iterations

Avg. Fitness Value

Computational Time (s)

Remark

PSO

120

0.84

2.35

Slower convergence; local stagnation

GWO

105

0.86

2.10

Good balance but less stable

ACO

130

0.82

2.60

High overhead due to pheromone update

FFO (Proposed)

65

0.91

1.58

Fast convergence and high stability

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