Table 4 The limitations and advantages of poly(Acr/Sty) hydrogels vs. diverse adsorbents.
From: Poly(acrylamide/styrenesulfonic acid) hydrogels for effective removal of Cr(III) ions
Criteria | Selectivity | Cost & Availability | Regeneration & Reusability | Refs. | Environmental Impact & Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poly(Acr/Sty) hydrogel, ionic hydrogels (Present study) | Great selectivity for particular metallic ions | Low cost due to reusability | Reusable at least four times, retains 98% capacity, acid/base regeneration | – | Stable, non-toxic, sustainable |
Hydrogels of poly(acrylamide/sodium acrylate) | Great selectivity for particular metallic ions | Low cost due to reusability | Reusable at least four times, retains 98% capacity, acid/base regeneration | Stable, non-toxic, sustainable | |
Bentonite | Low to moderate | Very low | Moderate | Benign | |
Chitosan | Great selectivity for particular metallic ions | High cost due to processing | Degrades over multiple cycles | Biodegradable. low toxicity | |
Zeolites | Good, due to ion exchange and uniform pore size | Moderate cost | Good chemical stability and moderate regeneration, | Generally safe | |
Activated Carbon | Absorbs pollutants in a wide range | Moderate to high, especially for high-grade forms | Energy intensive by possible thermal regeneration | Safe but high carbon footprint |
