Fig. 6
From: Restoring the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment by targeting C5a with the antagonist W54011
Schematic illustration of W54011-mediated restoration of the C5a-altered glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs) secrete C5a, which activates C5aR1 signaling in glioblastoma cells, driving enhanced proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness. This C5a-enriched microenvironment promotes tumor progression and malignant phenotypes. Pharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1 with W54011 suppresses C5a-induced downstream signaling and restores tumor cells toward a less aggressive state.
