Table 3 Results of parametric study considering 25 combinations of shape design variables and lowest temperatures of packing gland obtained by heat transfer analysis.

From: Thermal behavior in compact-type cryogenic needle valve with integrated heat sinks

Combination

D

t

Volume[mm3]

Lowest temperature of packing gland [°C]

1

75.58

5

20,160

–84.0

2

78.08

10

43,341

–78.0

3

105.81

6.34

52,867

–66.7

4

90.06

6.45

38,178

–74.1

5

85.53

10

52,914

–73.9

6

68.34

7.89

25,364

–87.9

7

107.70

6.79

58,809

–64.9

8

116.01

8.32

84,141

–60.3

9

95.81

8.01

54,114

–69.9

10

112.03

8.74

82,257

–58.2

11

117.64

7.32

76,283

–60.5

12

98.16

5.19

36,946

–71.4

13

141.94

9.56

146,995

–51.2

14

77.55

7.63

32,601

–72.9

15

92.28

8.92

55,650

–68.9

16

71.72

5.29

18,987

–87.3

17

134.62

5.57

76,773

–57.9

18

139.82

5.75

85,712

–56.4

19

123.83

9.72

112,703

–56.5

20

129.01

6.95

87,674

–57.4

21

131.30

7.46

97,632

–56.3

22

83.69

7.08

35,767

–77.4

23

113.08

5.93

56,903

–58.9

24

145.11

8.46

136,140

–64.9

25

149.25

9.82

167,419

–49.8