Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Sodium butyrate attenuates sodium fluoride-induced cardiac injury in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis

Fig. 4

TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling) analysis of cardiac apoptosis. (A) Quantify TUNEL positive regions in different groups of rat heart tissue samples (n = 9 samples). Representative images (Brown particle precipitation of cell nuclei: TUNEL+; indicated by red arrows). Scale bar: 50 μm (40× objective lens). Quantification of TUNEL-positive area proportion (apoptotic index) from 3 random fields per rat (3 rats per group, 9 total fields per group). (B) Statistical analysis of apoptosis rate of cardiac cells in 4 groups of rats. ***p < 0.001 vs. Control; #p < 0.05 vs. NaF (one-way ANOVA, GraphPad Prism 8).

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