Table 8 The presented data illustrates the ratios of bandwidth consumption for different AKA protocols relative to the bandwidth consumed by the proposed protocol.

From: A secure group-based authentication protocol for IoVT in 5G-enabled smart transportation and road safety systems

Number of devices

\(\frac{Gharsallah's}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{EPS-AKA}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{Miao's}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{Ouaissa's}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{SEGB-AKA}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{EG-AKA}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{GLARAM}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{Fu's}{Proposed}\)

\(\frac{Choi's}{Proposed}\)

2000

1.1041

1.4785

2.2916

1.2503

2.0837

2.0831

2.3960

2.7488

1.5627

4000

1.1041

1.4788

2.2916

1.2502

2.0835

2.0832

2.3959

2.7494

1.5626

6000

1.1041

1.4790

2.2917

1.2501

2.0834

2.0833

2.3959

2.7496

1.5626

8000

1.1042

1.4790

2.2917

1.2501

2.0834

2.0833

2.3959

2.7497

1.5626

10000

1.1042

1.4790

2.2917

1.2501

2.0834

2.0833

2.3959

2.7498

1.5625

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