Fig. 4

The interaction effect between Condition and (a) Juvenile Proximity, (b) Parent Affiliation, (c) IOF Grate Touching and (d) Juvenile Vocalization on periaqueductal gray glucose metabolism (SUVbw). (a) Females that spent a greater amount of time in proximity to their fathers following juvenile separation testing (Juvenile Proximity) exhibit lower periaqueductal gray activity when separated from their father in the present testing. (b) Females exhibit greater periaqueductal gray activity in both post-pairing conditions if their parents spent a greater percentage of time in affiliative contact when subjects were infants and juveniles (Parent Affiliation). (c) If females spent a greater percentage of time touching their father’s grate during Infant Open Field (IOF) testing as infants (IOF Grate), they had lower periaqueductal gray activity when tested with their partner but higher periaqueductal gray activity when separated from their partner. (d) Females that vocalized more when separated from their fathers as juveniles (Juvenile Vocalization) exhibit greater periaqueductal gray activity when with their partners and separated from their fathers, but lower periaqueductal gray activity when separated from their partner. father = when tested with father when still in natal group; separated father = when separated from father while still in natal group; partner = when tested with partner six-months post-pairing; separated partner = when separated from partner six-months post-pairing; SUVbw = Total Activity (glucose uptake) calculated as Standardized Uptake Value normalized by body weight; PAG = Periaqueductal gray.