Fig. 6

Initial FEA results of the proposed primary design of the 30-ton spreader beam fabricated from an 8-inch pipe, showing: (a) the total deformation along the spreader beam and (b) a detailed view revealing a critical von Mises stress of 131 MPa at the junction of the main pipe, stiffener, and top plate, Finite element results generated using ANSYS R18.1.