Fig. 8

The final, manufacturable design: (a) key modification showing the reinforced top lug assembly to enhance shear resistance, (b) the total deformation along the spreader beam, and (c) the results of the converged FEA model, showing a uniform stress distribution with a maximum von Mises stress of 99.1 MPa. This results in a safety factor of 2.52, successfully validating the structural integrity for the 30-ton service load. All dimensions are in millimeters (mm), Finite element results generated using ANSYS R18.1.