Abstract
Salmonella Infantis is an emerging pathogen highly associated with antibiotic-resistant issues and has contributed to increasing foodborne illness in recent years. Thus, finding novel antimicrobial agents is urgent for the solution. The objective was to characterize a newly isolated Epseptimavirus phage with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant S. Infantis strains. Salmonella phage vB_SalS-SIY1lw (or SIY1lw) is a new member of the phages belonging to the Epseptimavirus genus. SIY1lw contained the receptor binding protein (ORF 23) and tail fiber protein (ORF 43) genes—both associated with bacterial host recognition and binding—similar to that in Salmonella phage OSY-STA (the Epseptimavirus genus) and Escherichia phage DaisyDussoix (the Tequintavirus genus), respectively. For biological traits, SIY1lw has a latent period of 30 min and an estimated burst size of 42 PFU/CFU. The phage was polyvalent against S. enterica (Infantis and Newport) and non-pathogenic E. coli strains. The in vitro antimicrobial activity test showed that the phage with MOI of 1,000 is the most effective in reducing S. Infantis FSIS7823 and FSIS4921 by 1 and 0.8 log, respectively, over the 6-h treatment at 25 °C. These findings indicate that the new Epseptimavirus phage SIY1lw has future potential to develop an antimicrobial alternative to multidrug-resistant S. Infantis strains.
Data availability
The genome sequence of Salmonella phage vB_SalS-SIY1lw was deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database under GenBank accession number # PP105779.1.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Joyita Bhattacharjee for her assistance in phage isolation, and Kan-Ju Ho and Mackenna Chu for their efforts in part of the biological characterization for this project. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS CRIS project 2030-42000-055-000-D.
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Y.-T.L. performed phage isolation, data analyses, genomic analysis, and manuscript preparation. A.V. performed the one-step growth curve, host range, and stability tests. A.A. performed the bacterial challenge assay. Y.Z. and A.S. performed the DNA library prep, whole-genome sequencing, and manuscript proofreading. L.H. performed phage proteomic analysis. V.C.H.W. conceived and supervised the study, aided in experiment design, and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Liao, YT., Voelker, A., Arellano, A. et al. A new Epseptimavirus bacteriophage vB_SalS-SIY1lw as a potential antimicrobial alternative to multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31311-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31311-8
