Table 9 Ablation study.

From: Real-time construction safety monitoring using a drone based deep hybrid attention model

Model Configuration

DCCMSA

DCKTKT

OOA

Accuracy (%)

Precision (%)

Recall (%)

F1 Score (%)

Baseline (without OOA)

✔

✔

✘

97.84

96.52

94.50

95.82

DCCMSA Only

✔

✘

✘

94.25

92.80

87.32

89.95

DCKTKT Only

✘

✔

✘

93.74

90.25

88.90

89.57

DCCMSA + OOA

✔

✘

✔

95.61

94.00

90.14

91.78

DCKTKT + OOA

✘

✔

✔

96.22

95.23

91.43

93.29

Full Model (2D-3CKO-MTHSAN)

✔

✔

✔

99.98

89.47

90.65

87.71

  1. Indicate the best-performing results for each evaluation metric among all comparedmethods or configurations. For metrics where higher values indicate better performance, the highest value is highlighted in bold; forerror- or deviation-based metrics, the lowest value is highlighted in bold.
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