Fig. 3

Sigma1R regulates Ca²⁺ mobilization in MAMs. (A) Representative transmission electron microscopy images of mitochondrial ultrastructure in each group (Bar = 500 nm). (B) Quantification of mitochondrial number. (C) Analysis of mitochondrial density. (D) Measurement of ER-mitochondrial contact site length. (E) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining using DAPI (nuclei) and Fura-2AM (calcium indicator) (Bar = 100 μm). (F) Quantification of Fura-2AM fluorescence intensity (n = 3) of E. (G) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining using Fura-2AM (cytosolic calcium indicator) and Fura-3AM (mitochondrial calcium indicator) (Bar = 100 μm). (H) Quantification of Fura-2AM or Fura-3AM fluorescence intensity (n = 3). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. P^* < 0.05, P^** < 0.01, P^*** < 0.001.