Table 7 Communication overhead.

From: A hybrid federated learning framework with generative AI for privacy-preserving and sustainable security in IOT-enabled smart environments

Model

Communication rounds

Data transfer (MB)

Time per round (s)

centralized

–

–

2.5

Basic FL

100

480

3.5

FL with DP

120

520

3.8

HFL-GAI

90

420

3.0

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