Table 6 Pearson correlation coefficients among physiological, growth, yield traits, and soil chemical properties of maize in 2023.

From: Integrating biochar, compost, and chemical fertilizer improves maize yield and soil health in the guinea savannah: evidence from two cropping seasons in Northern Ghana

Variable

SPAD

Plant h.

Stalk wt.

Cob no.

Cob wt.

Grain y.

100-SW

HI

pH

EC

OC

N

P

K

SPAD

1.00

             

Plant height

0.33

1.00

            

Stalk weight

0.22

0.28

1.00

           

Cob number

0.48*

0.29

0.70**

1.00

          

Cob weight

0.25

0.37

0.69**

0.79***

1.00

         

Grain yield

0.73***

0.48*

0.49*

0.77***

0.58*

1.00

        

100-seed weight

0.68**

0.59*

0.39

0.70**

0.70**

0.76***

1.00

       

Harvest index

0.60*

0.10

−0.08

0.13

−0.32

0.56*

0.14

1.00

      

pH

0.70**

0.42

0.57*

0.70**

0.46*

0.88***

0.71**

0.58*

1.00

     

EC

0.70**

0.44

0.69**

0.82***

0.62*

0.94***

0.71***

0.49*

0.94***

1.00

    

Organic carbon

0.47*

0.46

0.61*

0.70**

0.62**

0.84***

0.60*

0.36

0.84***

0.91***

1.00

   

Nitrogen

0.67**

0.28

0.03

0.35

0.22

0.73***

0.53*

0.58*

0.63**

0.64**

0.64**

1.00

  

Phosphorus

0.63**

0.45

0.36

0.63**

0.44

0.86***

0.71**

0.53*

0.88***

0.86***

0.84***

0.79***

1.00

 

Potassium

0.69**

0.55*

0.41

0.50*

0.28

0.73***

0.59*

0.59*

0.84***

0.78***

0.68**

0.57*

0.67**

1.00

  1. *Note: *, *, and *** indicate significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.
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