Table 7 Pearson correlation coefficients among physiological, growth, yield traits, and soil chemical properties of maize in 2024.

From: Integrating biochar, compost, and chemical fertilizer improves maize yield and soil health in the guinea savannah: evidence from two cropping seasons in Northern Ghana

Variable

SPAD

Plant h.

Stalk wt.

Cob no.

Cob wt.

Grain y.

100-SW

HI

pH

EC

OC

N

P

K

SPAD

1.00

             

Plant height

0.58*

1.00

            

Stalk weight

0.40

0.18

1.00

           

Cob number

0.78***

0.65**

0.12

1.00

          

Cob weight

0.17

−0.05

0.56*

−0.19

1.00

         

Grain yield

0.72***

0.57*

0.54*

0.81***

0.13

1.00

        

100-seed weight

−0.21

0.28

−0.34

0.06

−0.26

−0.03

1.00

       

Harvest index

0.54*

0.53*

0.11

0.85***

−0.44

0.81***

0.15

1.00

      

pH

0.12

0.51*

−0.24

0.20

−0.38

0.12

0.80****

0.37

1.00

     

EC

0.46*

0.31

0.22

0.60*

−0.05

0.75***

−0.01

0.74***

0.08

1.00

    

Organic carbon

0.69**

0.69**

0.28

0.87***

−0.10

0.79***

0.07

0.76***

0.33

0.43

1.00

   

Nitrogen

0.49*

0.67**

0.48*

0.61*

0.25

0.73***

0.08

0.53*

0.30

0.36

0.72***

1.00

  

Phosphorus

0.62*

0.76***

0.08

0.91***

−0.23

0.78***

0.30

0.86***

0.52*

0.54*

0.88***

0.76***

1.00

 

Potassium

0.58*

0.73***

0.18

0.74***

0.01

0.67**

0.10

0.59*

0.36

0.27

0.85***

0.72***

0.83***

1.00

  1. *Note: *, *, and *** indicate significance at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively.
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