Table 4 Benchmark ML and DL models used for comparison with the LER Model.

From: A novel hybrid model for emotion detection in text through sequential and transformer-based approaches: LSTM enhanced RoBERTa (LER)

ML Category

DL Category

Model

References

Model

References

RF

43,44,45

CNN

46,47,48

SVM

49,50,51

GRU

52,53

LR

54,55,56

Bi-GRU

57,58

NB

59,60,61

BERT

62,63

XGB

64,65

LSTM

59,66

-

-

RoBERTa

67,68

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