Table 7 Effect of adding an LSTM layer.

From: A novel hybrid model for emotion detection in text through sequential and transformer-based approaches: LSTM enhanced RoBERTa (LER)

Model

Accuracy

Precision

Recall

F1-score

RoBERTa

85.2

84.6

83.9

84.2

RoBERTa + LSTM (LER)

88.4

87.9

88.1

88.0

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