Table 1 Measurement of multidimensional cultural engagement: Scales, Items, and psychometric Properties.
Construct | Items (N) | Sample | Response scale and coding | Cronbach’s α | Theoretical dimension |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRTC | 5 | “I believe traditional culture is valuable for my personal development.” | 0 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree); Higher score = more positive | 0.89 | Identity |
NRTC | 4 | “I find traditional culture to be outdated.” | 0 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree); Higher score = more negative | 0.81 | Identity |
CC | 5 | “I am proud of the depth and breadth of Chinese traditional culture.” | 0 (Strongly Disagree) to 4 (Strongly Agree); Higher score = more confident | 0.92 | Identity |
VTCK | 1 | “How would you rate your overall knowledge of traditional culture?” | 0 (Very Poor) to 4 (Very Good); Higher score = more knowledge | N/A | Knowledge |
CR | 1 | “Approximately how many traditional classics have you read in full?” | 0 (None), 1 (1–2), 2 (3–5), 3 (> 5); Higher score = more reading | N/A | Knowledge / Participation |
DR | 1 | “How often do you participate in or watch traditional drama (e.g., Peking Opera)?” | 0 (Never) to 4 (Very Often); Higher score = more frequent | N/A | Participation |
TCKC | 1 | “Have you ever participated in a traditional culture knowledge competition?” | 0 (No), 1 (Yes); Higher score = participation | N/A | Participation |
