Fig. 1
From: Compound coastal marine–terrestrial heatwaves associated with humid-heat stress in Europe
a–i Observed annual spatial distribution of compound marine–terrestrial heatwave days, based on OISST and E-OBS observational records. These results are limited to areas where E-OBS data coverage is available for terrestrial temperatures. j–l Temporal evolution of compound marine–terrestrial heatwave days from 1983 to 2023 along the Mediterranean region (including the Black Sea), Baltic Sea coasts, and all European coastlines. m Spatial distribution of co-occurrence probability, defined as the fraction of compound coastal marine–terrestrial heatwave days relative to all terrestrial heatwave days. Values range from 0 (no terrestrial heatwave days were compound) to 1 (all terrestrial heatwave days were compound) over the period 2003–2023.
