Table 1 Comparison of studies.

Author	Vehicle type	objective functions	Load change effect	Factors affecting the transportation of hazardous materials	Influence of population density	Time window constraints	Influence of population density
	Electric vehicle	Fuel vehicles		With	Deterministic Factors	Uncertainty factors	With	With	With
Jiang et al.⁶		√	Transportation Cost, Transportation Risk, Travel Time		√			√
Eren et al.⁷		√	Transportation Safety, Transport distance		√			√
Li et al.⁸		√	Transportation Risk		√
Zhao et al.⁹		√	Total cost, Transportation Risk			√
Zhang et al.¹⁰		√	Transportation Cost	√		√
Holeczek et al.¹¹		√	Transportation Cost, Transportation Risk	√		√
Zhang et al.¹²		√	Total cost, Transportation Risk			√
Han et al.¹³		√	Total cost			√	√
Wang et al.¹⁴		√	Transportation Cost, Transportation Risk, Travel Time			√	√
Zahiri et al.¹⁵		√	Total cost, Transportation Risk			√
Eslamipoor et al.¹⁶	√		Total cost, Carbon emissions	√
Deng et al.¹⁷	√		Total cost, Customer satisfaction, Battery loss					√
Zhao et al.¹⁸	√		Total cost, Product Freshness					√
Qiang et al.¹⁹	√		Total cost, Carbon emissions
Cai et al.²⁰	√		Total cost, Customer satisfaction	√				√	√
Wu et al.²²	√		Total cost, Battery loss	√
Cheng et al.²³	√		None						√
Miri et al.²⁵	√		None						√
This paper	√		Total cost, Transportation Risk, Customer satisfaction	√		√	√	√	√

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