Fig. 1

Nomogram for prediction of ypN0. The nomogram was developed using a training cohort of 330 patients and incorporates five variables: ypT stage, cN status, HR status, HER2 status, and ycN status. Each variable is assigned a corresponding score, which is summed to obtain the total score. This total is mapped to a linear predictor and the predicted probability of ypN0. As an example, for a patient with ypT0, cN1, HR-negative, HER2-positive, and ycN0 status, the total score is approximately 210 points, corresponding to a predicted probability of ypN0 of ≈ 0.92.