Table 7 Immune features by TP53 status in COAD.

From: Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Coleus forskohlii leaf extract enhances anticancer activity against HT-29 cells and modulates the p53 regulated immune microenvironment in colon adenocarcinoma

Immune metric

TP53-Mutant

TP53 Wild-type

M2 macrophages

High infiltration

Moderate infiltration

Neutrophil activity

Elevated (via CXCR1/CXCR2)

Reduced

B Cell recruitment

Suppressed

Enhanced

T-cell exhaustion

Marked (PD-1+/CTLA-4+)

Minimal

Immune pathway activity

Myeloid signaling dominant

T-cell regulation preserved

  1. Note: TP53 status shapes the immune landscape, influencing response to immunotherapy.
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