Table 8 Gene modules and pathways involved.

From: Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Coleus forskohlii leaf extract enhances anticancer activity against HT-29 cells and modulates the p53 regulated immune microenvironment in colon adenocarcinoma

Gene module

Associated immune cells

Relationship with TP53

Function in TME

CXCL1/2/3/5/6/8 – CXCR1/2

Neutrophils

Strong negative

correlation

Drives neutrophil recruitment;

upregulated in TP53-mutant

COAD

CCL2/CCL7 – CCR2

Monocytes/M2 Macrophages

Negative correlation

with TP53

Promotes M2 polarization and

immunosuppression

CXCL11 – CXCR3

Activated T cells, NK cells

Negatively correlated

(ρ = -0.69)

Loss in TP53-low tumors impairs

anti-tumor immunity

PDGFRB

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

(CAFs)

Negative correlation

(p = 0.003)

Supports stromal remodeling

and immune exclusion

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