Table 4 Changes of the nutrient concentrations (µg h⁻¹ root⁻¹) in root bleeding sap under the various tillage management practices with plant growth regulators during 2021–2022 growing seasons.

From: Tillage management practices in combination of plant growth regulators to improve root growth, lodging characteristics and maize productivity under semi-arid regions

2021										2022
Growth stages	Treatments	Fe	Zn	K	P	Ca	Mg	NH₄⁺	NO₃⁻	Fe	Zn	K	P	Ca	Mg	NH₄⁺	NO₃⁻
V7	ED	3.1b	6.3a	480.6f.	136.2c	117.5d	115.7e	68.1e	139.4f.	2.9d	7.4a	723.3b	173.7e	288.8b	362.9b	174.0c	133.8f.
	ER	2.3c	6.2a	380.5 g	118.8d	107.3d	107.8e	61.8e	130.5f.	2.4d	7.0a	668.8c	159.3f.	273.4b	310.6c	140.6e	124.9f.
	EB	1.6d	6.2a	280.4 h	101.4e	97.1e	99.8f.	55.5f.	121.6f.	1.9e	6.6b	614.4c	144.8 g	258.0c	258.3d	107.2f.	116.0 g
	YD	2.9b	5.6b	844.7b	162.6b	181.9c	176.2c	111.2c	343.6c	3.1c	6.8b	727.8b	271.6c	292.4b	239.1e	193.3b	338.0c
	YR	2.3c	5.1b	620.0d	108.5e	120.6d	137.9d	84.4d	257.4d	2.2d	5.5c	535.3d	220.3d	253.7c	214.6f.	151.3d	251.8d
	YB	1.8d	3.6d	467.5f.	84.6f.	74.1f.	107.0e	66.9e	244.0d	2.3d	5.0c	345.5e	181.2e	110.6e	123.5 g	93.9 g	238.4f.
	EYD	4.1a	6.8a	902.7a	195.9a	313.9a	234.0a	158.9a	536.9a	5.1a	7.8a	917.3a	394.3a	325.9a	391.0a	223.4a	531.3a
	EYR	3.3b	6.3a	792.2c	163.7b	234.4b	199.8b	135.8b	457.8b	4.4b	7.4a	734.9b	332.3b	253.5c	362.5b	191.5b	452.2b
	EYB	2.2c	5.6b	579.8e	107.4e	165.2c	168.6c	103.2c	216.2e	3.6c	4.6d	526.3d	186.9e	200.6d	241.3e	160.9c	210.6e
	CK	1.1d	4.9c	252.9 h	38.1 g	76.7f.	81.4f.	29.2 g	99.0 g	0.9f.	4.0	280.1f.	113.6 h	103.7e	181.0 h	97.7 g	93.4 g
GFS	ED	1.5c	3.5c	131.0f.	57.4b	98.7b	116.3b	48.9c	122.1c	1.0a	1.9b	175.4e	37.2c	75.1e	80.7d	69.0c	116.5b
	ER	1.3c	3.0c	125.4f.	33.8c	79.1c	73.1c	44.6c	110.1c	1.0a	1.8b	129.2f.	29.7d	50.5f.	64.7e	40.2d	104.5c
	EB	1.2c	2.4d	94.2 g	29.4d	58.6e	66.6d	37.5d	70.7e	1.0a	1.5b	104.7 g	10.8e	46.5f.	48.4e	30.7d	65.1e
	YD	1.8b	4.0b	361.0a	89.5a	94.6b	125.0a	40.3c	124.0c	1.8a	3.3a	264.1d	54.1b	97.8c	89.9d	102.5b	118.4b
	YR	1.5c	4.0b	263.1b	76.0ab	81.8c	102.0b	37.7d	99.2e	1.4a	2.5a	197.7e	21.4d	89.2d	80.7d	74.0c	93.6d
	YB	1.1c	4.0b	165.3e	62.4b	69.0d	79.0c	35.1d	74.3e	0.9b	1.7b	103.2 g	19.2d	62.7e	50.4e	38.1d	68.7e
	EYD	2.3a	5.5a	216.7c	89.0a	115.9a	125.9a	82.5a	157.8a	1.1a	2.3a	620.5a	88.7a	156.5a	171.7a	150.9a	152.2a
	EYR	1.5c	4.8b	193.0d	63.7b	92.0b	106.1b	75.3b	134.7b	1.0a	2.0a	525.9b	87.8a	131.4b	135.4b	119.9b	129.1b
	EYB	1.2c	3.0c	120.8f.	52.4b	73.8d	77.7c	39.8d	100.7d	1.0a	1.7b	431.2c	86.8a	106.4c	99.2c	88.8c	100.7c
	CK	1.1c	1.9e	102.7 g	25.0d	48.0e	60.1d	27.6e	66.5 g	0.9b	1.1b	97.1 g	8.6e	38.4 g	40.1f.	23.3e	60.9e

Values are given as means, and values followed with the different lowercase letters in the same season indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05 levels under the same column (LSD test).

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Table 4 Changes of the nutrient concentrations (µg h⁻¹ root⁻¹) in root bleeding sap under the various tillage management practices with plant growth regulators during 2021–2022 growing seasons.

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