Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by HIV status at UTH, Lusaka, Zambia 2016 (N = 1086).
Maternal characteristics | Maternal HIV status | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
HIV + (n = 265) | HIV- (n = 821) | ||
Age (yrs) (Median, IQR) | 31 (27–35) | 28 (23–33) | < 0.01 |
Hb at time of 1st transfusion (g/dl) (median, IQR) | 8 (5.4–10.0) | 8 (6.1–11.0) | 0.44 |
No. of women on ART (n, %) | 207 (78.1%) | 3 (0.4%) | < 0.01 |
Labor characteristics | |||
Gestational age at admission (wks) (median, IQR) | 34 (24–38) | 36 (30–38) | < 0.01 |
Total live births (Median, IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) | 0.01 |
Gravidity (Median, IQR) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | < 0.01 |
Pregnancy type (N, %) | |||
Singleton | 156 (81.8) | 485 (84.9) | 0.95 |
Twins | 7 (3.7) | 35 (6.1) | 0.23 |
Multiples (3 + fetuses) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (1.1) | 0.53 |
Other | 27 (14.1) | 45 (5.5) | 0.01 |
Delivery method | |||
Vaginal delivery (vaginal, vacuum, or forceps delivery) | 68 (25.7) | 265 (32.3) | 0.04 |
Cesarean delivery | 73 (27.6) | 233 (28.4) | 0.79 |
Surgical removal of ectopic pregnancy | 25 (9.4) | 45 (5.5) | 0.03 |
Medical termination | 44 (16.6) | 145 (17.4) | 0.78 |
Other methods | 13 (4.9) | 10 (1.2) | < 0.01 |
Total estimated blood loss (ml) (Median, IQR) | 400 (200–675) | 400 (200–750) | 0.34 |
Co- Morbid conditions | |||
Tuberculosis | 15 (5.7) | 2 (0.2) | < 0.01 |
Heart disease | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 1 |
Chronic high blood pressure | 2 (0.8) | 24 (2.9) | 0.06 |
Renal disease | 2 (0.8) | 4 (0.5) | 0.64 |
Diabetes | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.05 |
Chronic anemia | 5 (1.9) | 5 (0.6) | 0.07 |
Asthma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ⁻ |
Malaria in current pregnancy | 1 (0.4) | 5 (0.6) | 1 |
STI‡ | 0 (0) | 3 (0.4) | 1 |
Epilepsy | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 1 |
Sickle cell anemia | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 1 |
Other | 8 (3.0) | 13 (1.6) | 0.2 |
