Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Ketamine and metabolites in snake venom: effects of venom extraction and potential impact on animal models

Fig. 1The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Identification and quantification of small molecules in snake venoms. (A) Base peak chromatograms (BPC) of two snake venoms and D4-ketamine (certified reference standard) separated by C18-RP HPLC at early retention times, with the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of protonated pilocarpine (grey), ketamine (black) and isotopically-labeled D4-ketamine (red). (B) Structure, MS and (C) MS2 comparison of in-venom and standard D4-ketamine, with isotope mass shift (dotted line). Internal EIC quantification of ketamine (black) versus spiked reference standard D4-ketamine (0.5 ng/µL) in (D) H. n. nasicus and (E) H. n. kennerlyi venom. (F) Structure, MS and (G) MS2 of pilocarpine in venom; data shown for H. n. nasicus.

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