Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Bioavailable human metabolites from TOTUM-448 (plant-based formulation) maintain liver cell functionality in a hyperlipidic context that drives MASLD onset

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Influence of TOTUM-448 human metabolites on ER stress level and UPR markers in a lipotoxic environment. A and B. mRNA relative expression of CHOP and XBP-1, respectively. C. ATF-6 nuclear presence. NHS: Naïve human serum; EHS: Enriched human serum (containing circulating metabolites resulting from TOTUM-448 ingestion); P(250µM): palmitate 250µM. The control vehicle was set according to the palmitate preparation, a 10% w/w BSA solution was added to an equivalent volume of ethanol to match the final palmitate solution. Measurements were realized in triplicate for each volunteer (n = 10 human volunteers). Boxes indicate median and interquartile range (lower and upper), while whiskers indicate minimum and maximum **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; ****: p < 0.0001; ns: p > 0.05.

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