Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Stakeholder perceptions and planning implications for urban rewilding as a nature-based solution in Poland

Fig. 3

Conceptual differentiation of rewilding and urban rewilding based on expert definitions from the national survey. The word clouds highlight the most frequently used terms, revealing shared ecological themes—such as restoration, natural processes, and biodiversity—as well as distinct emphases. Rewilding (left) is associated with ecosystem self-regulation, minimal human intervention, and habitat recovery, while urban rewilding (right) emphasizes green infrastructure, public engagement, and the integration of ecological processes into built environments. Visuals were generated from qualitative coding of open-ended responses using WordCloud and Paint.NET (v. 5.1).

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