Table 4 Key space and sensitivity analysis.

ECC parameters (p, a, b)

p = 293,a = 2, b = 5

p = 293 + 10 − 14, a = 2 + 10 − 14, b = 5 + 10 − 14

2²⁵⁶

²¹: 2¹⁰⁰²⁹: 2⁵¹²³⁰: 2⁵¹¹

Fuzzy system (M, rules)

M = 0.5, 27 rules

M = 0.5 + 10 − 14, Rule shift by 10 − 1410 − 14

2²¹⁶

²¹: Not applicable²⁹: 2²⁵⁶³⁰: 2²⁵⁵

Combined key space

–

-

2⁴⁷²≈10¹⁴²

Outperforms²¹, comparable to²⁹³⁰,

Key sensitivity outcome

Cipher image with original keys

Significant difference in cipher images

–

High sensitivity confirmed