Scientific Reports

Table 12 Comparative validation of proposed framework with existing models.

From: A hierarchical framework to evaluate the usability of smartphone health applications

Models	Usability parameters
Proposed model	Efficiency	Effectiveness	Satisfaction	Comprehensibility	Productivity	Performance	Integrity	Availability	Accessibility	Operability	Universality	Robustness	Error-prevention	Completeness	Simplicity
22	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	×	×
23	√	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
24	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×
25	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√
26	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√
27	√	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×
28	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
29	√	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	√	×	×
30	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×
31	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×
33	√	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×
34	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
35	√	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×
36	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	√
37	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
38	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×	×
43	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×
44	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
45	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
46	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
47	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
48	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
49	×	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	×	×	×
51	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
53	√	√	√	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
54	√	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	√	×	×

Models	Usability parameters
Proposed model	Accuracy	Comfort	Competency	Security	Trustfulness	Information needs	Awareness	Immediacy	Compliance	Usefulness	Response time	Learnability	Memorability	Understandability	Interruptibility	Appropriateness
22	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×
23	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
24	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×
25	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	√	×	×
26	√	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×
27	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
28	×	√	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×
29	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	√
30	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×
31	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	√	×	√	×	×
33	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×
34	×	√	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×
35	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×
36	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	√	×
37	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
38	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×
43	×	×	√	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×
44	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
45	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
46	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
47	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
48	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×
49	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	√	×	×
51	×	×	×	√	√	×	√	×	×	×	×	√	√	×	×	×
53	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
54	×	×	×	×	√	×	×	×	×	√	×	√	×	×	×	×

√—Criterion met, ×—Criterion not met.

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