Fig. 9 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 9

From: An adaptive, energy-efficient and secure routing protocol for zone-related mobile Ad-hoc networks using reinforcement learning

Fig. 9

Distribution of Round-Trip Time (RTT) for 10 million nodes in the proposed RLSRP protocol. The histogram (a) shows most nodes around 50 ms, with a small fraction (120 ms) indicating potential wormhole attacks. The CDF (b) illustrates the fraction of nodes below a given RTT, highlighting anomalous latency. Together, these plots demonstrate the overall RTT distribution and validate the effectiveness of latency-based anomaly detection in large-scale MANETs.(10 million nodes). (a) Normalized histogram of RTT values, (b) Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of RTT values.

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