Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Polyacrylic acid, but not polyethylene glycol, induces metabolic reprogramming linked to pulmonary fibrosis in rats

Fig. 4Fig. 4

Differential metabolites. (A) Volcano plot for A45 versus A45 control. (B) Volcano plot for PEG versus PEG control.　Points represent individual metabolites; the x-axis shows log₂ fold change, and the y-axis shows − log₁₀(p-value). (C) Heatmap of differentially abundant metabolites between A45-treated rats and their matched controls. (D) Heatmap of PEG-treated rats and their controls. Multiple testing was controlled by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, with significance defined as FDR < 0.05. Labeled IDs correspond to metabolite identifiers used in this study; their correspondence with compound names is provided in Table 2 and Supplementary Table S1.

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