Fig. 4

Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and variants in 111 COVID-19 patients who had received different vaccine regimens. The levels of nAbs against the non-omicron variants (A-H) and the omicron variants (I-M) were measured by multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay on plasma samples. Plasma was collected from COVID-19 patients who tested positive by RT-PCR. Patients consisted of groups unvaccinated patients, breakthrough patients with homologous inactivated virus vaccine (CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV), breakthrough patients with homologous viral vector vaccine (ChAdOx1-S), breakthrough patients with homologous mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), and breakthrough patients with heterologous vaccine (all vaccine combinations) with group sizes of 17, 10, 31, 4, and 49, respectively (day 0); 6, 6, 16, 3, and 34, respectively (day 14); 9, 9, 22, 2, and 23, respectively (day 28); 11, 8, 15, 2, and 27, respectively (day 365). The median differences between groups were compared using a mixed-effects model. A percentage of inhibition values of less than 30% (indicated by the dotted red line) were considered negative results. ***, p < 0.001. The bars in the graphs represent the interquartile range (IQR). Neutralizing antibody data for 111 COVID-19 patients were partially obtained from a previously published dataset³³.