Table 5 Comparison between the proposed method and state-of-the-art methods on CASIA-SURF CeFA (Unit: %).

MA-Net²⁹

20.90 ± 6.80

1.20 ± 1.60

11.10 ± 4.40

PSMM-Net²⁶

7.80 ± 2.90

5.50 ± 3.00

6.70 ± 2.20

MFViT and MRF³³

10.67 ± 8.33

2.37 ± 3.24

6.50 ± 2.59

FaceBagNet³⁶

5.59 ± 0.20

3.28 ± 2.66

4.59 ± 1.54

PipeNet²⁸

3.25 ± 1.98

1.16 ± 1.12

2.21 ± 1.26

Conv-MLP³¹

1.33 ± 0.30

1.42 ± 0.26

1.37 ± 0.27

DACA-CNN³⁴

1.63 ± 1.79

2.32 ± 2.13

1.98 ± 0.83

ECA-ICD³⁵

4.04 ± 3.25

1.53 ± 0.68

2.74 ± 1.57

DRWT-RDIA³⁷

1.76 ± 1.12

0.87 ± 0.42

1.31 ± 0.76

Ours

1.88 ± 0.9

0.72 ± 0.33

1.30 ± 0.34