Table 2 Confirmatory factor analysis and model comparison.

From: Physical exercise promotes prosocial behavior in college students through a chain mediation of peer relationships and positive empathy

Model

χ2/df

RMR

RFI

TLI

Single-factor model

17.331

0.128

0.501

0.516

Four-factor model

6.129

0.072

0.823

0.848

Theoretical model

4.691

0.061

0.865

0.891

Bifactor model

6.049

0.071

0.826

0.850

  1. Note: Single-Factor Model: All 38 measurement items were loaded onto a single common factor for the purpose of Harman’s single-factor test. Four-Factor Model: The six dimensions of the Prosocial Tendencies Measure were combined into one latent variable, which, together with physical exercise, positive empathy, and peer relationships, formed four correlated factors. Theoretical Model: This model included the six dimensions of the Prosocial Tendencies Measure as six independent factors, plus the three factors of physical exercise, positive empathy, and peer relationships, resulting in nine correlated factors in total. Bifactor Model: A common method factor loading on all 38 items was added to the baseline nine theoretical factors from the theoretical model to test for common method bias.
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