Fig. 2
Modulation of CypD expression affected CRC cell proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacity. (a–b) Transfection efficiency was evaluated using RT-qPCR (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test) and Western blotting. Samples were collected on day 11–15 post-infection. All Western blots were derived from physically cut membrane strips, and lanes non-adjacent or from different gels were separated by white space. (c) CCK-8 assays were performed to assess changes in proliferative capacity of DLD-1 and RKO cells following CypD modulation (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-corrected t-test). (d) Colony formation assays were conducted to determine the effects of CypD intervention on CRC cell clonogenicity (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test). (e) Transwell migration assays analyzed alterations in migratory capacity of DLD-1 and RKO cells after CypD modulation (scale bar = 100 μm; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test). (f) Spheroid formation assays evaluated the impact of CypD expression changes on CRC cell self-renewal potential (scale bar = 200 μm and 50 μm; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.
