Table 2 Effect of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) biosynthesized by N. oculata algal extract against the changes induced by lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) on markers of inflammatory reactions in both kidney and brain tissues of rats.

		C	Algal Ext	Au-Algal Nano-Ext	Li₂CO₃	Li₂CO₃ treated with
		C	Algal Ext	Au-Algal Nano-Ext	Li₂CO₃	Algal Ext	Algal Nano-Ext
Kidney	TNF-α (Pg/g tissue)	276.34 ± 0.45	267.98 ± 0.43	275.00 ± 0.47	552.68 ± 0.87^a	414.51 ± 0.74^ab	269.53 ± 0.49^b
Kidney	IL-6 (Pg/g tissue)	335.48 ± 0.69	337.14 ± 0.59	335.07 ± 0.61	670.96 ± 1.37^a	485.22 ± 1.03^ab	334.14 ± 0.54^b
Brain	TNF-α (Pg/g tissue)	114.64 ± 0.71	115.87 ± 0.66	116.50 ± 0.67	229.29 ± 1.44^a	171.97 ± 1.07^ab	117.12 ± 0.69^b
Brain	IL-6 (Pg/g tissue)	137.92 ± 0.27	138.19 ± 0.27	137.15 ± 0.31	275.84 ± 0.63^a	206.88 ± 0.40^ab	135.87 ± 0.33^b

Data were calculated from five replicates and expressed as mean ± SE.
^aSignificant versus control group, ^bSignificant versus toxic (Li₂CO₃) group at p ≤ 0.05.

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