Table 2 The mean ± SD of toxic elements in the muscle and liver of small ruminants (mg/kg) compare with MRL.

From: Potentially toxic metals in small ruminant tissues: multivariate analysis and health risk assessment via Monte Carlo simulation

Toxic Elements (Mean ± SD)

Samples (N = 80)

Cd

Pb

Ni

Muscle

Liver

Muscle

Liver

Muscle

Liver

Sheep

Ewe (n = 20)

ND

0.15 ± 0.01a

ND

0.12 ± 0.02 a

0.83 ± 0.07a

0.79 ± 0.06 a

Ram (n = 20)

ND

0.12 ± 0.01b

ND

0.57 ± 0.02 b

0.84 ± 0.06 a

0.84 ± 0.07a

Goat

Female (n = 20)

ND

0.081 ± 0.01c

0.41 ± 0.04 c

0.65 ± 0.02 d

1.2 ± 0.27 b

0.83 ± 0.05 a

Male (n = 20)

ND

0.14 ± 0.01d

0.23 ± 0.01 e

0.29 ± 0.01 f

0.76 ± 0.02 a

0.78 ± 0.03 a

MRL

0.05*

0.50*

0.10**

0.50**

0.5***

0.5***

  1. ND, not detected a, b, c, e, d, f, g, Significant difference between the muscle and liver in sheep and goat (p < 0.05) Duncan’s test in the same line. MRL (maximum residue level): EC (European Commission) *, Codex Alimentarius**, WHO***.