Fig. 1

Biofilm formation of CAUTI-strains (mono- and co-cultures) in 3 media during 20 h growth. (A–E) Biofilm formation (OD600 nm, optical density at 600 nm wavelength) for the following strain combinations: (A) Tmp04/Tme12/Pair412, (B) Tmp05/Tme13/Pair513, (C) Tmp06/Tme14/Pair614, (D) Tmp07/Tme15/Pair715, and (E) PA01/K12/PairEP. Each panel displays P. aeruginosa monocultures (left bars), E. coli monocultures (right bars), and their co-cultures (middle bars), grown in AUM (black bars), ISO (red bars), and LB (green bars) media. Each bar represents the mean ± standard deviation from 6 biological replicates (n=6), with individual replicate values overlaid as dots. Within each medium group, significance bars indicate pairwise comparisons between strains determined using two-way ANOVA (factors: strain and medium) with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Statistical significance is represented as: ns (not significant), * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001.