Fig. 2

Difference in the gut mycobiome between IIM patients and healthy controls. (A) Rarefaction curves showing the number of observed fungal species in the two groups. For each sequencing depth, 30 random resamplings were performed, and the median and interquartile range are plotted. B-D, Boxplots showing species-level α-diversity of the gut mycobiome, including Shannon index (B), Simpson index (C), and the number of observed fungal species (D) in IIM patients and healthy controls. (E), PCoA analysis of Bray–Curtis distances based on species-level fungal community composition, illustrating significant separation between the two groups. Each point represents one sample. Lines connect samples within the same group, and ellipses indicate variation around group centroids. (F), Pie plot shows the subphylum-level taxonomic annotation of the gut mycobiome. (G), Stacked bar plots show the genus-level taxonomic composition of the gut mycobiome in IIM patients and healthy controls. (H), Boxplot shows the representative differential gut mycobiome species when compared between patient and control groups.